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International Journal of
Medical Science and Research
ARCHIVES
VOL. 8, ISSUE 4 (2026)
Real-world glycemic and cardiometabolic outcomes with Empagliflozin-Linagliptin add-on to Metformin: Insights from clinician experience
Authors
Dr. Nandkishor Shingne, Dr. Mohammedrafik Nareja, Dr. Neel Shah, Dr. Sanika Kulkarni, Dr. Sunil Pandey
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often requires combination therapy, and the empagliflozin-linagliptin combination provides complementary glycaemic and metabolic benefits. This study aimed to assess healthcare practitioners' (HCPs) perspectives on the glycaemic efficacy, cardiometabolic benefits, and overall clinical utility of empagliflozin-linagliptin added to metformin in Indian patients with T2DM.
Methods: This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey assessed HCP-reported clinical experience with empagliflozin-linagliptin added to metformin in routine T2DM management in India. A structured 16-item online questionnaire collected data on the last 10 patients treated, evaluating glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), overall glycaemic improvement, postprandial glucose control, insulin sensitivity, cardiometabolic outcomes, and trends in diabetes-related hospitalisations. Data were analysed descriptively, with categorical variables summarised as frequencies and percentages.
Results: A total of 377 HCPs participated. Among HCPs, 45.36% reported that 6–10 of their last 10 treated patients achieved a ≥1% HbA1c reduction within 3 months, while 42.44% reported improvement in glycaemic control within 3 months. Improvement in insulin sensitivity among 6-10 treated patients was reported by 42.97% of HCPs. Moderate and significant improvement in postprandial glucose control were reported by 48.01% and 36.34% of HCPs, respectively. Blood pressure improvement among 3–5 treated patients was reported by 35.01% of HCPs, while 45.36% reported moderate improvement in lipid profiles. Compared with other SGLT2 inhibitor/DPP-4 inhibitor/metformin regimens, 41.38% of HCPs considered the combination more protective for cardiovascular outcomes. Regarding diabetes-related hospitalisations, 46.42% of HCPs reported a moderate reduction.
Conclusion: Empagliflozin-linagliptin add-on to metformin is effective, well-tolerated, and improves glycaemic, metabolic, and cardiorenal outcomes in Indian T2DM patients, supporting its use as a valuable option in routine clinical practice.

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Pages:45-51
How to cite this article:
Dr. Nandkishor Shingne, Dr. Mohammedrafik Nareja, Dr. Neel Shah, Dr. Sanika Kulkarni, Dr. Sunil Pandey "Real-world glycemic and cardiometabolic outcomes with Empagliflozin-Linagliptin add-on to Metformin: Insights from clinician experience". International Journal of Medical Science and Research, Vol 8, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 45-51

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